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Ammonia is a colourless gas (99.9% concentrated) with a strong characteristic odour. It is available in gaseous form and boils at -34°C. In a liquid state, ammonia has to be transported under pressure or in a refrigerated state. The molecular formular is NH3. Ammonia contains about 82% nitrogen. Ammonia reacts strongly with acids to produce salts: Nitric acid into ammonium nitrate, sulphuric acid into ammonium sulphate, phosphoric acid into ammonium phosphates and hydrochloric acid into ammonium chloride.

Usage: More than 80% of all ammonia is consumed as fertilizer as a salt or solution. The main fertilizers are urea, UAN, ammonium phosphates (DAP, MAP, NP), ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium sulphate (AS). In a diluted form it is used as a household cleaner with 5-10% ammonia content.